This course provides a systematic introduction to the physiological characteristics, exercise needs, and safety considerations for adults over 65 years old with diabetes. The first section covers the pathophysiology of diabetes, mechanisms of blood glucose regulation, common complications among older adults (such as neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease), and the impact of aging on metabolic function and exercise capacity. This foundation enables students to understand the unique needs of older adults when engaging in physical activity. The second part focuses on safe and effective exercise modalities, including the principles of aerobic training, resistance exercises, balance training, and flexibility work. Topics include exercise intensity prescription, glucose monitoring, risks of hypo- and hyperglycemia, interactions between exercise and medications (such as insulin), and the importance of pre- and post-exercise blood glucose checks. The final section examines exercise prescription and risk-management strategies using the FITT principle, individualized training adjustments, environmental considerations, complication risk assessment, emergency management (such as hypoglycemia response), and approaches to improving adherence among older adults. Overall, the course integrates scientific knowledge, clinical precautions, and practical skills to ensure that older adults with diabetes can exercise safely and effectively for optimal health outcomes.

Implemented by Department of Exercise and Health Sciences
Date: 2025/10/01